Vapor-generator.



n5696397. Patented- Apr., l, |902. M. CASTELNAU & c. ,THIALurL VAPORGENERATOR.

(Application filed July 30, 1901.)

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Patented Apr. .1902.

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VAPOR GENERATDR.

(Application filed July 30, 1901.)

FIG- 4- M. CASTELNAU 8f. C. THIALON.

(No Model.)

Nu. 696,797. Patenten Apr.- l, |902.

M.' CASTELNAU & c. THIALoN.

VAPOR GENERATOR.

(Appxication filed July 80, 1901.) ((8a Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

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MARCELLIN CASTELNAU AND CHARLES THIALON, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

VAPOR-GEN ERATOR.

SPEGIFECATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 696,797, dated April 1,1902.

Application iiled .Tuly 30, 1901.

Io stantaneous vaporization capable 4of operating in a practical anddurable manner at a very high pressure, such as that of eighty times thepressure of the atmosphere or even more.

The greater number of the generators of instantaneous vaporization madeup to the present time comprise capillary passages, so that they becomerapidly obstructed and are very difticult to clean.

taneous vaporization can be produced without the help of capillarity,and we have endeavored to construct a vaporizing element having a largeinner duct and no capillary z 5 passages whatever.

To obtain elements capable of resisting high Vpressures and hightemperatures, we had to give up laminated steel tubes, which expand andcrack when subjected to a dull-red heat,

3o and when the passage of the water begins again after a longer orshorter interruption. 'We had also to give up tubes surrounded by ametal covering, for under theiniuence of irregular expansions theelements thus formed become separated and can no longer be of use.

We Were thus brought to make ducts in blocks of steelsuflicientlyhard towithstand a higher temperature than that of a dull-red heat Withoutlosing a notable portion of their resistance.

4o However, as the vaporizing-ducts must of necessity present a somewhatextensive development a simple rectilinear duct in a block would be ofno use, nor would it be advantageous either to make several rectilinearducts in the same blockVV and to connect them together at their ends bycurved connections, for there would be a great number of suchconnections, and that would be a source of inconvenience in many ways.In order that 5o each element or block of hard steel shall comprise along inner duct without any connection, we arrange the said duct inzigzag or XVe have found that calefaction and instan- Serial No. 70,268.(No model.)

spiral shape; but as it is impossible at present to make such a sinuousduct by mechanical means we have used a particular method or process,consisting in so casting molten steel around a metal tube bent intospiral shape that the said tube shall become incorporated with themolten steel without leaving any other trace than that of the existenceof its inner and undisturbed duct. Our invention thus enables us to formelements in a sin gle piece made of very resisting steel and providedwith a long sinuous passage of a comparatively large diameter and by thehelp of which elements we can constitute veryhigh-pressure generators ofinstantaneous vaporization without any danger of such elements expandingor cracking or becoming obstructed or separated, as in the case of theelements now in use, which operate, however, at a much lower pressure.

We show in the accompanying drawings a vaporizing element formedaccording to our invention, as well as a mold for manufacturing thesame, and a generator comprising several of such elements.

Figure l shows an element in elevation, plan, and cross-section. Fig. 2is a vertical section of a mold. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section on theline 3 3 of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is avertical section of a generator, and Fig.5? is a horizontal section on the line .l K of Fig. 4.

The element 9, Fig. 1, is a block of hard steel, in the interior ofwhich is provided a duct 10, bent back on itself three times over and ofwhich the ends open out on one and the same surface. In order to obtainsuch an element, we arrange in a mold l a tube S, made of steel and bentinto the shape it is desired to give to the duct, and so cast moltensteel in the said mold that the said-tube partially melts and becomesincorporated with the mass of steel without, however, being attened ordeformed in any other Way. Such a result can be obtained by causing themolten steel to iiow through a certain number of casting-holes 2,suitably arranged according to the form and dimensions of the tube 8 andopening into the bottom of the mold. The molten steel comes into all theparts of the mold at the same time and :rises somewhat slowly therein,so that the tube 8 becomes surrounded by a quiet and almost IOOmotionless liquid iiux. The result is that the outer portions of thetube are melted and become incorporated with the molten steel, while theremainder of the tube is protected by a pasty sheath more consistentthan the surrounding liquid. It will be understood, on the other hand,that if the liquid steel were allowed to circulate quickly along thesaid pasty sheath the latter would become dispersed, and the tube 8would melt away entirely in a very short time.

Sections made in an element obtained by the above process show thatthere exists no joint in the mass and that there is no longer any traceof the tube save the inner part form-.

ing duct.

Another means which we intend to use concurrently with the one justdescribed consists in filling the tube 8 previously with stearin orother suitable matter before arranging the same in the mold l in orderthat the said matter shall absorb a certain amount of heat andcontribute to maintain the inner wall of the tube at a comparatively lowtemperature Without, however, interfering with the melting down of theouter wall when brought into contact with the liquid steel.

Figs. 4 and 5 show a generator in which the elements 9 are arrangedvertically in juxtaposition so as to form a cylindrical chambercontaining the furnace. They are supported by an annular bottom 44, towhich are iixed an ash-box 7 and two concentric partitions 45 and 46,forming a hollow casing,

one part of which serves for the circulation of the gases of combustion.The latter rise at iii-st into the chamber of the furnace 2, pass abovethe upper edge of the elements 9, move down into the space comprisedbetween the latter and the partition 4G, penetrate into an annularopening made at the base of the said partition, and pass into theatmosphere through a lateral chimney 8a.

The elements 9 are connected together by curved tubes 2l, connected intheir turn to the pipes l1 and 12 (see Fig. l) and located below thebottom 44. Only one tube 2l is shown in Fig. 4 to make the drawingclearer.

The feed-water is brought by a pipe 22, provided with a clack-valve 30,and circulates in a coiled heating-pipe 48, arranged around the elements9. The water circulates afterward and successively in the elements 9,where it is vaporized by calefaction, and the vapor after having passedthrough the clackvalve 43 circulates in a coiled heatingpipe 49,arranged around the elements 9.

We claim- 1. A vapor-generator, comprising a cylinder built up ofseparate segmental blocks of steel fitted together so as to form ahollow cyl inder, each block being provided with a duct and the severalducts communicating with each other, and means for heating the interiorof said cylinder.

2. A vapor-generator, comprising a cylinder built up of segmental blocksof steel tted together so as to form a hollow cylinder, each block beingprovided with a duct and the several ducts communicating with eachother, means for heating the interior of said cylinder, and coils ofpipe communicating with said ducts and surrounding said cylinderexteriorly.

3. As an article of manufacture, an element in the construction ofgenerators, comprising a tubular member of steel having a generalsinuous form and embedded in a stave-shaped block of cast-steel so as tobe integral therewith.

4. As an article of manufacture, an element in the construction ofgenerators, comprising a tubular member of steel making a plurality ofreturn-bends upon itself and embedded in a solid block of cast-steel soas to be integral therewith.

In testimony that we claim the foregoing as our invention we have signedour names in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

MAROELLIN CASTELNAU. CHARLES THIALON. Witnesses:

EUGNE WATTIER, EDWARD P. MACLEAN.

